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ITU-T Speech Codecs

Overview

ITU-T Speech Codecs - Specs & Comparison Guide (G.711 to G.729AB)

The ITU-T speech codecs are a family of speech compression standards developed for telephony and multimedia communications. These codecs are widely deployed in PSTN, VoIP, conferencing, and enterprise communication systems. They offer a range of bandwidths, complexities, and bitrates suitable for different network conditions and application needs.

Technical Specifications - ITU-T Codecs

Codec Bandwidth Bitrate(s) Sampling Rate Algorithm Frame Size
G.711 Narrowband 64 kbps 8 kHz PCM (μ-law / A-law) 0.125 ms
G.722 Wideband 48, 56, 64 kbps 16 kHz SB-ADPCM 3 ms
G.722.1 Wideband 24, 32 kbps 16 kHz Transform Coder (MDCT) 20 ms
G.723.1 Narrowband 5.3, 6.3 kbps 8 kHz ACELP / MP-MLQ 30 ms
G.726 Narrowband 16, 24, 32, 40 kbps 8 kHz ADPCM 0.125 ms
G.728 Narrowband 16 kbps 8 kHz LD-CELP 0.625 ms
G.729AB Narrowband 8 kbps (G.729) + SID 8 kHz CS-ACELP 10 ms

Applications Areas of ITU-T Speech Codecs

Telephony & PSTN Networks

  • G.711 and G.726 used in digital and IP-based PBX systems
  • G.723.1 and G.729AB in circuit-switched voice and VoIP trunking

VoIP and Enterprise Communication

  • G.722 and G.722.1 for HD voice in SIP/VoIP endpoints
  • G.729AB for bandwidth-constrained VoIP

Unified Communication & Conferencing

  • G.722.1 in IP telephony systems
  • G.728 for low-delay conferencing codecs

Embedded and Legacy Systems

  • G.711 and G.726 for interop with legacy PSTN and DECT systems
  • Codec fallback in hybrid networks and gatewaystc.

Performance Summary - ITU-T Codecs

Codec MOS-LQO (Approx.) Use Case
G.711 ~4.3 Baseline PSTN/VoIP quality
G.722 ~4.5 HD Voice over IP (wideband telephony)
G.722.1 ~4.0-4.2 Wideband conferencing, VoIP terminals
G.723.1 ~3.6-3.8 Low-bitrate VoIP over narrow links
G.726 ~3.8-4.1 Voice trunking, legacy systems
G.728 ~3.8 Low-delay interactive speech
G.729AB ~4.0 (G.729) / ~3.8 (G.729AB) VoIP in constrained networks

Supported Platforms

  • Operating Systems: Linux, Android, iOS, Embedded RTOS
  • Architectures: ARM Cortex-A/R/M, NEON/SIMD, x86/x64, MIPS DSP, Andes DSP, Verisillicon ZSP

Why choose the ITU-T Speech Codecs?

Industry-standard and widely interoperable

Cover full spectrum from narrowband to wideband

Suitable for low-delay and low-bitrate requirements

Royalty-free options (G.711, G.722, G.726) available

Deployed in billions of telecom and IP devices

References & Standards - ITU-T Speech Codecs

  • ITU-T G.711 - Pulse Code Modulation of Voice Frequencies
  • ITU-T G.722 - 7 kHz Audio Coding for Hands-Free Telephony
  • ITU-T G.722.1 - Low Complexity Coding at 24 and 32 kbps
  • ITU-T G.723.1 - Dual Rate Speech Coder for Multimedia
  • ITU-T G.726 - ADPCM Coding of Speech Signals
  • ITU-T G.728 - LD-CELP Speech Codec
  • ITU-T G.729, G.729 - Annex A/B - CS-ACELP Coding at 8 kbps
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